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Grails Promises

Learn how to use Grails Promises and load multiple REST payloads in parallel.

Authors: Sergio del Amo

Grails Version: 4

1 Grails Training

Apache Grails Training

Apache Grails is now part of the Apache Software Foundation. The community-maintained training catalog is being migrated; in the meantime see the Learning page for current resources, recorded talks, and links to other community-supplied training material.

2 Getting Started

2.1 What you will need

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

  • Some time on your hands

  • A decent text editor or IDE

  • JDK 11 or greater installed with JAVA_HOME configured appropriately

2.2 How to complete the guide

To get started do the following:

or

The Grails guides repositories contain two folders:

  • initial Initial project. Often a simple Grails app with some additional code to give you a head-start.

  • complete A completed example. It is the result of working through the steps presented by the guide and applying those changes to the initial folder.

To complete the guide, go to the initial folder

  • cd into grails-guides/grails-async-promises/initial

and follow the instructions in the next sections.

You can go right to the completed example if you cd into grails-guides/grails-async-promises/complete

2.3 Initial Project

The initial folder contains the sample Grails application developed during the Grails Guide: Consume and test a third-party REST API.

It contains code to invoke the Open Weather Map API to retrieve the weather forecast for a city.

The OpenWeathermapService.currentWeather does a network request and builds an Object with the received JSON Payload.

The goal is to display a grid of forecasts:

cities

3 Writing the Application

Added Grails 2.3 and since 3.3 an external project, the Async features of Grails aim to simplify concurrent programming within the framework and include the concept of Promises and a unified event model.

Your project already contains the async dependency:

build.gradle
link:{sourcedir}/build.gradle[role=include]

Grails Async capabilites documentation can be found in async.grails.org.

3.1 Top Cities

Add a class with the largest cities in USA.

src/main/groovy/demo/LargestUSCities.groovy
link:{sourcedir}/src/main/groovy/demo/LargestUSCities.groovy[role=include]

3.2 Open Weather Service

A Promise is a concept being embraced by many concurrency frameworks. They are similar to java.util.concurrent.Future instances, but include a more user friendly exception handling model, useful features like chaining and the ability to attach listeners.

In Grails the grails.async.Promises class provides the entry point to the Promise API:

grails-app/services/org/openweathermap/OpenweathermapService.groovy
link:{sourcedir}/grails-app/services/org/openweathermap/OpenweathermapService.groovy[role=include]

Add to OpenweathermapService the following methods:

grails-app/services/org/openweathermap/OpenweathermapService.groovy
link:{sourcedir}/grails-app/services/org/openweathermap/OpenweathermapService.groovy[role=include]
1 The task method, which returns an instance of the grails.async.Promise.
2 A PromiseList is returned which contains a union of all of the created grails.async.Promise instances

Add an equivalent synchronous method.

grails-app/services/org/openweathermap/OpenweathermapService.groovy
link:{sourcedir}/grails-app/services/org/openweathermap/OpenweathermapService.groovy[role=include]

3.3 Cities Controller

Create a controller named CitiesController which uses the previous service method:

grails-app/controllers/demo/CitiesController.groovy
link:{sourcedir}/grails-app/controllers/demo/CitiesController.groovy[role=include]
1 If the async parameter is true then use the previously created service method that returns a promise.
2 A set of named tasks is returned from the controller where each key becomes a resolved value in the model of the view. Grails will detect the fact that a promise is returned a create a non-blocking response. The createBoundPromise method is used to define a Promise that is already bound and doesn’t need to be resolved asynchronously.
3 If the async parameter is false then create the model synchronously.

3.4 View

Render the weather forecast grid with a GSP:

grails-app/views/cities/index.gsp
link:{sourcedir}/grails-app/views/cities/index.gsp[role=include]

4 Running the Application

To run the application use the ./gradlew bootRun command which will start the application on port 8080.

Remember to setup a valid Open Weather Map API Key in application.yml

To fetch the weather forecast of the top largest USA cities leveraging the async capabilities of Grails visit:

If you visit http://localhost:8080/cities?async=true

runasync

Visit http://localhost:8080/cities?async=false to fetch weather forecasts synchronously.

runsync

5 Help with Grails

Help with Apache Grails

Apache Grails is supported by an active community of contributors and the Apache Software Foundation. If you need help working through a guide, want to discuss the framework, or have run into something that looks like a bug, the channels below are the right place to start.

For Grails plugins, see the matching project on the apache org or the plugin’s own GitHub repository.